Wire, Fiber, Filaments, and Textiles

Textiles are products made of fibrous materials.

  • Composite Reinforcement
  • Factors affecting reinforcement’s strength contribution:
    • Mechanical properties of the fiber material
    • Orientation of fibers
    • Quantity of fiber
    • Ratio of fiber to matrix
    • Surface interaction
  • Preforms
  • Chopped Strand
  • 2D woven preforms
  • Roving (continuous strand)
    • Untwisted
  • Yarn
    • Bundle of fibers
    • Often plied
  • Lighter than Roving
  • Tow
    • Large bundle of fiber
  • Continuous Strand Mat
  • Chopped Strand Mat
  • Milled fibers
  • Glass Fiber Nomenclature
    • Glass Yarn US Yardage System
    • TEX/Metric
    • See: ASTM D578
      • Roving Nomenclature
        • Binder/sizing
        • Method of Manufacture
        • Yield (yards/pound)
      • Yarn Nomenclature
        • Chemical Composition
          • E – Electrical
          • C – Chemical
          • S – High Strength
        • Type of Filament
          • C – Continuous
          • S – Staple
          • T – Texturized
        • Filament Diameter
        • Yield
        • Number of strands twisted into a filament
        • Number of strands plied together
        • Turns per inch
        • Direction of twist
          • S Direction
          • Z direction
    • Braiding
  • Woven Fabrics
    • Interlaced yarns, fibers, or filaments
    • Warp (lengthwise) and Weft (crosswise)
    • Fabric count
      • Warp Yarns (ends) per inch
      • Fill Yarns (picks) per inch
    • Weave
      • Plain
      • Twill
      • Crowfoot satin
      • Leno
      • Unidirectional
    • Stitched Fabrics
    • Mat Reinforcement
    • Chopped Strand
    • Milled Fibers
    • Coupling Agents
    • Sizing
      • Greige goods (loom state)
  • Prepreg
    • Pre-impregnated fabrics with thermosetting resins
  • Metal fiber and wire products
    • Wire rope
    • Mesh

References

http://www.textilemuseum.org/PDFs/TextileTerms.pdf

http://www.agy.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/AGY_Technical_Product_Guide-Revised.pdf

https://www.usna.edu/Users/mecheng/pjoyce/composites/Short_Course_2003/4_PAX_Short_Course_Material-Forms.pdf